Like Heinrich Heine, Nietzsche mentions in his writings frequently Goethe and Spinoza as a pair. The breast was powerful, broad, and arched; the arms and thighs were elegant, and of the most perfect shape; nowhere, on the whole body, was there a trace of either fat or of leanness and decay. His works span the fields of poetry, drama, literature, theology, philosophy, humanism and science. Goethe finished Faust Part Two in the year of his death, and the work was published posthumously. 'Goethe: The Man and His Character'. Again during the Siege of Mainz, he assisted Carl August as a military observer. He was fascinated by mineralogy, and the mineral goethite (iron oxide) is named after him. [93], Goethe had a great effect on the nineteenth century. Some of the Venetian Epigrams were held back from publication due to their sexual content. [89] The medievalism of the Heidelberg Romantics was also repellent to Goethe's eighteenth-century ideal of a supra-national culture.[90]. [80] Goethe's unorthodox religious beliefs led him to be called "the great heathen" and provoked distrust among the authorities of his time, who opposed the creation of a Goethe monument on account of his offensive religious creed. In many respects, he was the originator of many ideas which later became widespread. Lebenslauf Lebenslauf Sturm Followers of the twentieth-century esotericist Rudolf Steiner built a theatre named the Goetheanum after him—where festival performances of Faust are still performed. Goethe obtained a copy of the biography of a noble highwayman from the German Peasants' War. The French "spoon guards", the least disciplined soldiers, occupied Goethe's house: The 'spoon guards' had broken in, they had drunk wine, made a great uproar and called for the master of the house. The Faust tragedy/drama, often called Das Drama der Deutschen (the drama of the Germans), written in two parts published decades apart, would stand as his most characteristic and famous artistic creation. Steiner elaborated on that in the books The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World-Conception[55] and Goethe's World View,[56] in which he characterizes intuition as the instrument by which one grasps Goethe's biological archetype—The Typus. In the decades which immediately followed its publication in 1816, Italian Journey inspired countless German youths to follow Goethe's example. He also contributed to the planning of Weimar's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace.[4][b]. (In later years Goethe would bypass this problem by periodically authorizing "new, revised" editions of his Complete Works. During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe became a member of the Duke's privy council, sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. 12, p. 121; trans. Anerkennung hat er sich mit bedeutenden Werken nicht nur in der Literatur verschafft, sondern auch in der Kunsttheorie und den Naturwissenschaften. Find'st nothing right on earth, eternally? Real Name: Johann Wolfgang Goethe. In Leipzig, Goethe fell in love with Anna Katharina Schönkopf and wrote cheerful verses about her in the Rococo genre. [3] His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. "[81], Politically, Goethe described himself as a "moderate liberal. No other landscape has he described as affectionately as the warm, wide Rhine area. Lista de libros del(la) autor(a) GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON [5] He also had the largest private collection of minerals in all of Europe. The fact that Werther ends with the protagonist's suicide and funeral—a funeral which "no clergyman attended"—made the book deeply controversial upon its (anonymous) publication, for on the face of it, it appeared to condone and glorify suicide. But if you treat him as if he were what he ought to be and could be, he will become what he ought to be and could be. 1: Briefe der Jahre 1764–1786. Perhaps the single most influential piece is "Mignon's Song" which opens with one of the most famous lines in German poetry, an allusion to Italy: "Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitronen blühn?" His written account of these events can be found within his Complete Works. In 1821 Goethe's friend Carl Friedrich Zelter introduced him to the 12-year-old Felix Mendelssohn. But it was not to last long. In old age, he explained why this was so to Eckermann: How could I write songs of hatred when I felt no hate? [22][23], In 1776, Goethe formed a close relationship to Charlotte von Stein, an older, married woman. Johann Wolfgang Goethe, înnobilat în anul 1782 (n.28 august 1749, Frankfurt am Main – d. 22 martie 1832, Weimar) a fost un poet german, ilustru gânditor și om de știință, una dintre cele mai de seamă personalități ale culturii universale. In May 1772 he once more began the practice of law at Wetzlar. Goethe's ideas on evolution would frame the question that Darwin and Wallace would approach within the scientific paradigm. The author W. Daniel Wilson [de] claims that Goethe engaged in negotiating the forced sale of vagabonds, criminals, and political dissidents as part of these activities.[25]. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( 28. august 1749 Frankfurt – 22. märts 1832 Weimar) oli saksa kirjanik, loodusteadlane ja polühistor. Com'st ever, thus, with ill intention? Profile: German writer, artist and politician, born 28 August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, died 22 March 1832, in Weimar, Germany. [8] All their children, with the exception of Johann Wolfgang and his sister Cornelia Friederica Christiana (born in 1750), died at early ages. This "gap in the record" has been the source of much speculation over the years. In 1832, Goethe died in Weimar of apparent heart failure. Goethe's secretary Riemer reports: 'Although already undressed and wearing only his wide nightgown... he descended the stairs towards them and inquired what they wanted from him.... His dignified figure, commanding respect, and his spiritual mien seemed to impress even them.' [45][46] As one of the many precursors in the history of evolutionary thought, Goethe wrote in Story of My Botanical Studies (1831): The ever-changing display of plant forms, which I have followed for so many years, awakens increasingly within me the notion: The plant forms which surround us were not all created at some given point in time and then locked into the given form, they have been given... a felicitous mobility and plasticity that allows them to grow and adapt themselves to many different conditions in many different places. [38] Epistolary novels were common during this time, letter-writing being a primary mode of communication. [41] He wrote several works on morphology and colour theory. Wolfgang von Goethe, poeta y novelista de finales del siglo XVIII, que supo unir a su profunda sensibilidad un erudito conocimiento de las bellas artes, la naturaleza y la política.Mientras que con su obra refleja una lírica aspiración de retorno a la Antigüedad clásica, en su talante mostró una verdadera capacidad para actuar de modo sereno ante los acontecimientos históricos. Goethe's influence was dramatic because he understood that there was a transition in European sensibilities, an increasing focus on sense, the indescribable, and the emotional. "[66], Born into a Lutheran family, Goethe's early faith was shaken by news of such events as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Seven Years' War. [112], "Goethe" and "Göte" redirect here. During this period Goethe published his second novel, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship; the verse epic Hermann and Dorothea, and, in 1808, the first part of his most celebrated drama, Faust. This prematurely terminated his career as a lawyer after only a few months. He is also widely quoted. Estilo de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1818 quotes from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: 'One ought, every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine picture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words. Entitled Götz von Berlichingen, the work went directly to the heart of Goethe's contemporaries. In 1791 he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar, and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist, historian, and philosopher Friedrich Schiller, whose plays he premiered until Schiller's death in 1805. The first production of Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin took place in Weimar in 1850. 28. Goethe's preoccupation with and reverence for Spinoza are well known and documented in the history of Western thought. A perfect man lay in great beauty before me; and the rapture the sight caused me made me forget for a moment that the immortal spirit had left such an abode. [43] While not the only one in his time to question the prevailing view that this bone did not exist in humans, Goethe, who believed ancient anatomists had known about this bone, was the first to prove its existence in all mammals. März 1832 1776 1823 Catharina Elisabeth Goethe Johann Wolfgang Goethe Johann Caspar Goethe Gestorben am 22. [37] However, Goethe explained his use of Werther in his autobiography. Goethe's journey to the Italian peninsula and Sicily from 1786 to 1788 was of great significance in his aesthetic and philosophical development. She was emotionally distraught at the time, but they were eventually reconciled.[24]. In late 1792, Goethe took part in the Battle of Valmy against revolutionary France, assisting Duke Karl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach during the failed invasion of France. On a trip to the village Sessenheim, Goethe fell in love with Friederike Brion, in October 1770,[15][16] but, after ten months, terminated the relationship in August 1771. During the year and a half that followed, because of several relapses, the relationship with his father worsened. Goethe could not subsist on being one of the editors of a literary periodical (published by Schlosser and Merck). Oehler, R 1932, "Buch und Bibliotheken unter der Perspektive Goethe" ‘Goethe’s attitude toward books and libraries’. Goethe was also a cultural force. If an ever busy imagination, of which that tale may bear witness, led me hither and thither, if the medley of fable and history, mythology and religion, threatened to bewilder me, I readily fled to those oriental regions, plunged into the first books of Moses, and there, amid the scattered shepherd tribes, found myself at once in the greatest solitude and the greatest society. In a couple of weeks the biography was reworked into a colourful drama. - Gregory Maertz on Goethe Goethe's father, Johann Caspar Goethe, lived with his family in a large house (today the Goethe House) in Frankfurt, then an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire. He is especially known for the drama Faust, considered by some to be Germany’s most … Les sos caberes pallabres enantes de morrer foren "Mehr Licht!" Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) is to German what Dante Alighieri is to Italian, William Shakespeare is to English, Miguel de Cervantes to Spanish or Alexander Pushkin to Russian: the most important author of his language. "Yes", answered Goethe, "... but what your pupil already accomplishes, bears the same relation to the Mozart of that time that the cultivated talk of a grown-up person bears to the prattle of a child. Stretched upon his back, he reposed as if asleep; profound peace and security reigned in the features of his sublimely noble countenance. [105] He emphasized Goethe's "cultural and self-developing individualism", humanism, and cosmopolitanism.[105]. "[59] On another occasion he wrote: "I like boys a lot, but the girls are even nicer. Goethe embodied many of the contending strands in art over the next century: his work could be lushly emotional, and rigorously formal, brief and epigrammatic, and epic. His focus on morphology and what was later called homology influenced 19th century naturalists, although his ideas of transformation were about the continuous metamorphosis of living things and did not relate to contemporary ideas of "transformisme" or transmutation of species. [97][98] Goethe came away from the meeting deeply impressed with Napoleon's enlightened intellect and his efforts to build an alternative to the corrupt old regime. Ta on üks tähtsamaid saksa proosakirjanikke ja luuletajaid. Goethe was a Freemason, joining the lodge Amalia in Weimar in 1780, and frequently alluded to Masonic themes of universal brotherhood in his work,[91] he was also attracted to the Bavarian Illuminati a secret society founded on 1 May 1776. In 1919, the world premiere complete production of Faust was staged at the Goetheanum. His writings were immediately influential in literary and artistic circles. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Faust Bekannteste und wichtigste Arbeit Wissen Pakt mit dem Teufel Sein Leben Sein Werk 28. Viewed from within, no part of the animal is a useless or arbitrary product of the formative impulse (as so often thought). Though he had studied law in Leipzig and had been appointed Imperial Councillor, Johann Caspar Goethe was not involved in the city's official affairs. He also took great pleasure in reading works on history and religion. All its parts have a direct effect on one another, a relationship to one another, thereby constantly renewing the circle of life; thus we are justified in considering every animal physiologically perfect. [60], Goethe was a freethinker who believed that one could be inwardly Christian without following any of the Christian churches, many of whose central teachings he firmly opposed, sharply distinguishing between Christ and the tenets of Christian theology, and criticizing its history as a "hodgepodge of fallacy and violence". Frankfurt del Main[2], 28  d'agostu de 1749. August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main geboren Gestorben am 22. In Strasbourg, Goethe met Johann Gottfried Herder. Goethe became a key reference for Thomas Mann in his speeches and essays defending the republic. Casóse con Chistiane Vulpius, cola tuvo un fíu. [12] He adored Caritas Meixner (1750–1773), a wealthy Worms trader's daughter and friend of his sister, who would later marry the merchant G. F. His father had made a similar journey during his own youth, and his example was a major motivating factor for Goethe to make the trip. 1932. August 1749 - Frankfurt am Main geboren 22. The restaurant Auerbachs Keller and its legend of Faust's 1525 barrel ride impressed him so much that Auerbachs Keller became the only real place in his closet drama Faust Part One. "[101] Staël's portrayal helped elevate Goethe over his more famous German contemporaries and transformed him into a European cultural hero. His work, Faust, which is sometimes considered as Germany’s greatest contribution to world literature. 14 talking about this. His faithful servant, Frederick, opened for me the chamber in which he was laid out. [3], A literary celebrity by the age of 25, Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782 after taking up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774). Faust became the ur-myth of many figures in the 19th century. Goethe also pursued literary plans again; this time, his father did not have anything against it, and even helped. Goethe noted in his diary: "Fires, rapine, a frightful night... Preservation of the house through steadfastness and luck." [73][74]—that was the first remarkable Spinoza revival in history. [79] A year before his death, in a letter to Sulpiz Boisserée, Goethe wrote that he had the feeling that all his life he had been aspiring to qualify as one of the Hypsistarians, an ancient sect of the Black Sea region who, in his understanding, sought to reverence, as being close to the Godhead, what came to their knowledge of the best and most perfect. How could I, to whom the only significant things are civilization [Kultur] and barbarism, hate a nation which is among the most cultivated in the world, and to which I owe a great part of my own culture? The remaining year is largely undocumented, aside from the fact that he spent much of it in Venice. [11] In early literary attempts he showed an infatuation with Gretchen, who would later reappear in his Faust, and the adventures with whom he would concisely describe in Dichtung und Wahrheit. His later spiritual perspective incorporated elements of pantheism (heavily influenced by Spinoza's thought),[67][69][78] humanism, and various elements of Western esotericism, as seen most vividly in part 2 of Faust. During his first meeting with Napoleon in 1808, the latter famously remarked: "Vous êtes un homme (You are a man)! As his studies did not progress, Goethe was forced to return to Frankfurt at the close of August 1768. Thus Goethe's journey had something of the nature of a pilgrimage to it. In the last period, between Schiller's death, in 1805, and his own, appeared Faust Part One, Elective Affinities, the West-Eastern Diwan (a collection of poems in the Persian style, influenced by the work of Hafez), his autobiographical Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit (From My Life: Poetry and Truth) which covers his early life and ends with his departure for Weimar, his Italian Journey, and a series of treatises on art. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe[a] (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832)[3] was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist. Frederick drew aside the sheet, and I was astonished at the divine magnificence of the limbs. The body lay naked, only wrapped in a white sheet; large pieces of ice had been placed near it, to keep it fresh as long as possible. Novalis, himself a geologist and mining engineer, expressed the opinion that Goethe was the first physicist of his time and "epoch-making in the history of physics", writing that Goethe's studies of light, of the metamorphosis of plants and of insects were indications and proofs "that the perfect educational lecture belongs in the artist's sphere of work"; and that Goethe would be surpassed "but only in the way in which the ancients can be surpassed, in inner content and force, in variety and depth—as an artist actually not, or only very little, for his rightness and intensity are perhaps already more exemplary than it would seem". The two became close friends, and crucially to Goethe's intellectual development, Herder kindled his interest in Shakespeare, Ossian and in the notion of Volkspoesie (folk poetry). p. 343, Scientific Studies, Suhrkamp ed., vol. Gosnell, Charles F., and Géza Schütz. Goethe also received lessons in dancing, riding and fencing. "Germany's greatest man of letters… and the last true polymath to walk the earth." Truth and poetry: from my own life", "A meeting of genius: Beethoven and Goethe, July 1812", "The Emergence of the Idea of Evolution in the Time of Goethe", "The Experiment as Mediator between Subject and Object", "The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World Conception", the only Latin book he had ever seen me reading, "The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives", "Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius", "Goethe and the Science of the Enlightenment", Works by or about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Works by and about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in University Library JCS Frankfurt am Main: Digital Collections Judaica, Free scores of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's texts, Goethe Quotes: New English translations and German originals, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe&oldid=1016052739, 18th-century German dramatists and playwrights, 19th-century German dramatists and playwrights, Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Members of the Zentrale Dombauverein zu Köln von 1842, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2021, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2017, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Botanist identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 03:57.